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ASTM E2168-10(2023)
Standard Classification for Allowance, Contingency, and Reserve Sums in Building Construction Estimating
NORMA vydaná dňa 1.5.2023
Informácie o norme:
Označenie normy: ASTM E2168-10(2023)
Dátum vydania normy: 1.5.2023
Kód tovaru: NS-1142968
Počet strán: 9
Približná hmotnosť: 27 g (0.06 libier)
Krajina: Americká technická norma
Kategória: Technické normy ASTM
Kategórie - podobné normy:
Anotácia textu normy ASTM E2168-10(2023) :
Keywords:
allowance, budgeting, building economics, classification, construction estimating, contingency, cost control, cost estimating, cost planning, cost risk, reserve, UNIFORMAT II,, ICS Number Code 91.010.20 (Contractual aspects)
Doplňujúce informácie
| Significance and Use | ||||||||||||
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4.1?When preparing construction, project, and program cost estimates, it is often necessary to make monetary provision for change or risk, or both, or other exigencies where information is incomplete. 4.2?Such allowance, contingency or reserve sums are employed by many persons engaged in the planning, delivery, and financing of construction work. 4.3?These users include owners, developers, facilities programmers, cost planners, estimators, schedules, architects and engineers, specification writers, operating and maintenance staff, manufacturers, educators, financial managers, and comptrollers. 4.4?Usage:? 4.4.1?These sums are especially appropriate when performing the following activities:
4.4.2?In any of these activities a needed requirement, or component, of the planned construction can be known while the defined solution, design or specification, for providing this may not. The usual, and appropriate, response in these situations, is the inclusion of a monetary sum, within an estimate, to provide for this (these) requirement(s). 4.4.3?Such sums may be general or specific in scope, may be planned to be spent or may only be included as possible mitigation for unplanned events and requirements. 4.4.4?To distinguish between these sums, and in recognition of their differing purpose, they are described, and classified here, using the terms allowance, contingency, or reserve. Note 1:?Section 5
includes a generic statement of purpose for each of the three terms
and provides a sub-classification that distinguishes between sums
included for specific purposes and for non-specific, that is,
general purposes. In cost budgeting, conceptual and design
estimating especially, an estimator may intuitively recognize the
need for a general purpose sum. This recognition comes in the
absence of any known specific requirement other than the need to
ensure the estimate total is a reasoned forecast of a reasonable
bid result.
4.5?This classification defines allowance, contingency, and reserve sums as items common to construction, project, and program estimates through planning, design, construction, and completion. The terms are sufficiently generic to be applied in all forms of construction work. |
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| 1. Scope | ||||||||||||
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1.1?This classification establishes a classification for allowance, contingency, and reserve sums used in construction, project, and program estimating. 1.2?This classification applies to all construction work. 1.3?This classification is not based on permanent physical elements of construction (as defined and classified in Classification E1557). Rather, the classification items are cost components common to construction, project, and program estimates. 1.4?This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. |
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| 2. Referenced Documents | ||||||||||||
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