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Standard Practice for Use of Process Oriented AOQL and LTPD Sampling Plans
Automaticky preložený názov:
Štandardná prax pre využívanie procesne orientované AOQL a LTPD plány odberu vzoriek
NORMA vydaná dňa 1.4.2013
Označenie normy: ASTM E1994-09(2013)
Poznámka: NEPLATNÁ
Dátum vydania normy: 1.4.2013
Kód tovaru: NS-43863
Počet strán: 23
Približná hmotnosť: 69 g (0.15 libier)
Krajina: Americká technická norma
Kategória: Technické normy ASTM
Keywords:
average outgoing quality limit, lot tolerance percent defective, sampling, sampling plans, ICS Number Code 03.120.30 (Application of statistical methods)
Significance and Use | ||||
4.1 Two general types of tables (Note 1) are given, one based on the concept of lot tolerance, LTPD, and the other on AOQL. The broad conditions under which the different types have been found best adapted are indicated below. 4.1.1 For each of the types, tables are provided both for single sampling and for double sampling. Each of the individual tables constitutes a collection of solutions to the problem of minimizing the over-all amount of inspection. Because each line in the tables covers a range of lot sizes, the AOQL values in the LTPD tables and the LTPD values in the AOQL tables are often conservative. 4.2 The sampling tables based on lot
quality protection (LTPD) (the tables in Annex A1 and Annex A2) are perhaps best adapted to
conditions where interest centers on each lot separately, for
example, where the individual lot tends to retain its identity
either from a shipment or a service standpoint. These tables have
been found particularly useful in inspections made by the ultimate
consumer or a purchasing agent for lots or shipments purchased more
or less intermittently.
4.3 The sampling tables based on average quality protection (AOQL) (the tables in Annex A3 and Annex A4) are especially adapted for use where interest centers on the average quality of product after inspection rather than on the quality of each individual lot and where inspection is, therefore, intended to serve, if necessary, as a partial screen for defective pieces. The latter point of view has been found particularly helpful, for example, in consumer inspections of continuing purchases of large quantities of a product and in manufacturing process inspections of parts where the inspection lots tend to lose their identity by merger in a common storeroom from which quantities are withdrawn on order as needed. 4.4 The plans based on average quality protection (AOQL) consider the degree to which the entire inspection procedure screens out defectives in the product submitted to the inspector. Lots accepted by sample undergo a partial screening through the elimination of defectives found in samples. Lots that fail to be accepted by sample are completely cleared of defectives. Obviously, this requires a nondestructive test. The over-all result is some average percent defective in the product as it leaves the inspector, termed the average outgoing quality, which depends on the level of percent defective for incoming product and the proportion of total defectives that are screened out. 4.5 Given a specific problem of replacing a 100 % screening inspection by a sampling inspection, the first step is to decide on the type of protection desired, to select the desired limit of percent defective lot tolerance (LTPD) or AOQL value for that type of protection, and to choose between single and double sampling. This results in the selection of one of the appended tables. The second step is to determine whether the quality of product is good enough to warrant the introduction of sampling. The economies of sampling will be realized, of course, only insofar as the percent defective in submitted product is such that the acceptance criteria of the selected sampling plan will be met. A statistical analysis of past inspection results should first be made, therefore, in order to determine existing levels and fluctuations in the percent defective for the characteristic or the group of characteristics under consideration. This provides information with respect to the degree of control as well as the usual level of percent defective to be expected under existing conditions. Determine a value from this and other information for the 1.1 This practice is primarily a statement of principals for the guidance of ASTM technical committees and others in the use of Average Outgoing Quality Limit, AOQL, and Lot Tolerance Percent Defective, LTPD, sampling plans for determining acceptable of lots of product. |
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2. Referenced Documents | ||||
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