ASTM E1588-16

5.1 This document will be of use to forensic laboratory personnel who are involved in the analysis of GSR samples by SEM/EDS 5.2 SEM/EDS analysis of GSR is a non-destructive method that provides (5, 6) both morphological information and the elemental profiles of individual particles.

5.3 Particle analysis contrasts with bulk sample methods, such as atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) 5.4 X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) is a technique that has been used to map the placement and distribution of GSR particles surrounding bullet holes in order to establish shooting distances 1.1 This guide covers the analysis of gunshot residue (GSR) by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDS) by manual and automated methods. The analysis may be performed manually, with the operator manipulating the microscope controls and the EDS system software, or in an automated fashion, where some amount of the analysis is controlled by pre-set software functions.

1.2 Since software and hardware formats vary among commercial systems, guidelines will be offered in the most general terms possible. For proper terminology and operation, consult the SEM/EDS system manuals for each system.

1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.