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ASTM D7012-13
Standard Test Methods for Compressive Strength and Elastic Moduli of Intact Rock Core Specimens under Varying States of Stress and Temperatures
Automaticky preložený názov:
Štandardné testovacie metódy pre pevnosť v tlaku a modulov pružnosti neporušených Skalné vzorkách jadra za rôznych štátov Stres a teplôt
NORMA vydaná dňa 15.11.2013
Informácie o norme:
Označenie normy: ASTM D7012-13
Poznámka: NEPLATNÁ
Dátum vydania normy: 15.11.2013
Kód tovaru: NS-37292
Počet strán: 9
Približná hmotnosť: 27 g (0.06 libier)
Krajina: Americká technická norma
Kategória: Technické normy ASTM
Anotácia textu normy ASTM D7012-13 :
Keywords:
bulk modulus, compression testing, compressive strength, confined compression, elastic moduli, loading tests, modulus of elasticity, Mohr stress circle, Poisson&rsquo,s ratio, repeatability, reproducibility, rock, shear modulus, triaxial compression, uniaxial compression, Young´s modulus, ICS Number Code 13.080.20 (Physical properties of soil)
Doplňujúce informácie
| Significance and Use | ||||||||||||||||||
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5.1 The parameters obtained from Methods A and B are in terms of undrained total stress (as already mentioned in 5.2 Uniaxial compressive strength (Method C) of rock is used in many design formulas and is sometimes used as an index property to select the appropriate excavation technique. Deformation and strength of rock are known to be functions of confining pressure. The triaxial compression test (Method A) is commonly used to simulate the stress conditions under which most underground rock masses exist. The elastic constants (Methods B and D) are used to calculate the stress and deformation in rock structures. 5.3 The deformation and strength properties of rock cores measured in the laboratory usually do not accurately reflect large-scale in situ properties because the latter are strongly influenced by joints, faults, inhomogeneities, weakness planes, and other factors. Therefore, laboratory values for intact specimens must be employed with proper judgment in engineering applications. 1.1 These test methods cover the
determination of the strength of intact rock core specimens in
uniaxial and triaxial compression. The tests provide data in
determining the strength of rock, namely: the uniaxial strength,
shear strengths at different pressures and different elevated
temperatures, angle of internal friction, (angle of shearing
resistance), and cohesion intercept. The test methods specify the
apparatus, instrumentation, and procedures for determining the
stress-axial strain and the stress-lateral strain curves, as well
as Young's modulus, E, and Poisson's
ratio, υ. It should be observed that these methods make no
provision for pore pressure measurements and specimens are
undrained (platens are not vented). Thus the strength values
determined are in terms of total stress, that is, are not corrected
for pore pressures. These test methods do not include the
procedures necessary to obtain a stress-strain curve beyond the
ultimate strength.
1.2 This standard replaces and combines the following Standard Test Methods: D2664 Triaxial Compressive Strength of Undrained Rock Core Specimens Without Pore Pressure Measurements; D5407 Elastic Moduli of Undrained Rock Core Specimens in Triaxial Compression Without Pore Pressure Measurements; D2938 Unconfined Compressive Strength of Intact Rock Core Specimens; and D3148 Elastic Moduli of Intact Rock Core Specimens in Uniaxial Compression. The original four standards are now referred to as Methods in this standard. 1.2.1 Method A: Triaxial Compressive Strength of Undrained Rock Core Specimens Without Pore Pressure Measurements. 1.2.2 Method B: Elastic Moduli of Undrained Rock Core Specimens in Triaxial Compression Without Pore Pressure Measurements. 1.2.3 Method C: Uniaxial Compressive Strength of Intact Rock Core Specimens. 1.2.4 Method D: Elastic Moduli of Intact Rock Core Specimens in Uniaxial Compression. 1.2.5 Option A: Elevated Temperatures. 1.3 For an isotropic material in
Test Methods B and D, the relation between the shear and bulk
moduli and Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio are:
1.3.1 The engineering applicability of these equations decreases with increasing anisotropy of the rock. It is desirable to conduct tests in the plane of foliation, cleavage or bedding and at right angles to it to determine the degree of anisotropy. It is noted that equations developed for isotropic materials may give only approximate calculated results if the difference in elastic moduli in two orthogonal directions is greater than 10 % for a given stress level. 1.4 Test Methods B and D for
determining the elastic constants do not apply to rocks that
undergo significant inelastic strains during the test, such as
potash and salt. The elastic moduli for such rocks should be
determined from unload-reload cycles, that are not covered by this
test method.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. |
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| 2. Referenced Documents | ||||||||||||||||||
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