Standard Test Method for Measuring Relative Complex Permittivity and Relative Magnetic Permeability of Solid Materials at Microwave Frequencies Using Waveguide (Includes all amendments and changes 10/18/2022).
dielectric constant, loss factor, magnetic permeability, measurement, microwave, millimetre-wave, permittivity, radio frequency, rectangular waveguide, scattering parameter, transmission/reflection,, ICS Number Code 17.220.01 (Electricity. Magnetism. General aspects)
Doplňujúce informácie
Significance and Use
5.1?Design calculations for radio frequency
(RF), microwave, and millimetre-wave components require the
knowledge of values of complex permittivity and permeability at
operating frequencies. This test method is useful for evaluating
small experimental batch or continuous production materials used in
electromagnetic applications. Use this method to determine complex
permittivity only (in non-magnetic materials), or both complex
permittivity and permeability simultaneously.
5.2?Relative complex permittivity (relative
complex dielectric constant), ?r*,
is the proportionality factor that relates the electric field to
the electric flux density, and which depends on intrinsic material
properties such as molecular polarizability, charge mobility, and
so forth:
Note 1:?In common usage the word relative is frequently
dropped. The real part of complex relative permittivity
(?Note 2:?For the purposes of this test method, the media is
considered to be isotropic and, therefore, permittivity is a single
complex number at each frequency.
5.3?Relative complex permeability,
?Note 3:?In common usage the word relative is frequently
dropped. The real part of complex relative permeability
(?Note 4:?For the purposes of this test method, the media is
considered to be isotropic, and therefore permeability is a single
complex number at each frequency.
5.4?Relative permittivity ((relative
dielectric constant) (SIC) ?'(?r)) is
the real part of the relative complex permittivity. It is also the
ratio of the equivalent parallel capacitance, Cp, of a
given configuration of electrodes with a material as a dielectric
to the capacitance, C?, of the same configuration of
electrodes with vacuum (or air for most practical purposes) as the
dielectric:
Note 5:?In common usage the word relative is frequently
dropped.
Note 6:?Experimentally, vacuum must be replaced by the
material at all points where it makes a significant change in
capacitance. The equivalent circuit of the dielectric is assumed to
consist of Note 7:?Note 8:?The series capacitance is larger than the parallel
capacitance by less than 1 % for a dissipation factor of 0.1, and
by less than 0.1 % for a dissipation factor of 0.03. If a measuring
circuit yields results in terms of series components, the parallel
capacitance must be calculated from Eq 5 of Test Methods
D150 before the corrections
and permittivity are calculated.
Note 9:?The permittivity of dry air at 23 ?C and standard
pressure at 101.3 kPa is 1.000536. Its divergence from unity, ?' ?
1, is inversely proportional to absolute temperature and directly
proportional to atmospheric pressure. The increase in permittivity
when the space is saturated with water vapor at 23 ?C is 0.00025,
and varies approximately linearly with temperature expressed in
degrees Celsius, from 10 ?C to 27 ?C. For partial saturation the
increase is proportional to the relative humidity.
1. Scope
1.1?This
test method covers a procedure for determining relative complex
permittivity (relative dielectric constant and loss) and relative
magnetic permeability of isotropic, reciprocal (non-gyromagnetic)
solid materials. If the material is nonmagnetic, it is acceptable
to use this procedure to measure permittivity only.
1.2?This
measurement method is valid over a frequency range of approximately
100 MHz to over 40 GHz. These limits are not exact and depend on
the size of the specimen, the size of rectangular waveguide
transmission line used as a specimen holder, and on the applicable
frequency range of the network analyzer used to make measurements.
The size of specimen dimension is limited by test frequency,
intrinsic specimen electromagnetism properties, and the request of
algorithm. Being a non-resonant method, the selection of any number
of discrete measurement frequencies in a measurement band would be
suitable. Use of multiple rectangular waveguide transmission line
sizes are required to cover this entire frequency range (100 MHz to
40 GHz). This test method can also be generally applied to circular
waveguide test fixtures. The rectangular waveguide fixture is
preferred over coaxial fixtures when samples have in-plane
anisotropy or are difficult to manufacture precisely.
1.3?The
values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The
values given in parentheses are in inch-pound units and are
included for information only. The equations shown here assume an
e+j?t harmonic
time convention.
1.4?This standard does not purport to
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to
use.
1.5?This international standard was
developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles
on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for
the Development of International Standards, Guides and
Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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