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ASTM D4814-13

Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

Automaticky preložený názov:

Štandardné špecifikácie pre automobilový zážihového motora Palivo

NORMA vydaná dňa 1.5.2013

Jazyk
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Informácie o norme:

Označenie normy: ASTM D4814-13
Poznámka: NEPLATNÁ
Dátum vydania normy: 1.5.2013
Kód tovaru: NS-28727
Počet strán: 25
Približná hmotnosť: 75 g (0.17 libier)
Krajina: Americká technická norma
Kategória: Technické normy ASTM

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Anotácia textu normy ASTM D4814-13 :

Keywords:

alcohol, antiknock index, automotive fuel, automotive gasoline, automotive spark-ignition engine fuel, copper strip corrosion, corrosion, distillation, driveability, Driveability Index, EPA regulations, ethanol, ether, fuel, gasoline, gasoline-alcohol blend, gasoline-ethanol blend, gasoline-ether blend, gasoline-oxygenate blend, induction period, lead, leaded fuel, methanol, MTBE, octane number, octane requirement, oxidation stability, oxygenate, oxygenate detection, phase separation

Doplňujúce informácie

1. Scope

1.1 This specification covers the establishment of requirements of automotive fuels for ground vehicles equipped with spark-ignition engines.

1.2 This specification describes various characteristics of automotive fuels for use over a wide range of operating conditions. It provides for a variation of the volatility and water tolerance of automotive fuel in accordance with seasonal climatic changes at the locality where the fuel is used. For the period May 1 through Sept. 15, the maximum vapor pressure limits issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are specified for each geographical area except Alaska and Hawaii. Variation of the antiknock index with seasonal climatic changes and altitude is discussed in Appendix X1. This specification neither necessarily includes all types of fuels that are satisfactory for automotive vehicles, nor necessarily excludes fuels that can perform unsatisfactorily under certain operating conditions or in certain equipment. The significance of each of the properties of this specification is shown in Appendix X1.

1.3 The spark-ignition engine fuels covered in this specification are gasoline and its blends with oxygenates, such as alcohols and ethers. This specification does not apply to fuels that contain an oxygenate as the primary component, such as Fuel Methanol (M85). The concentrations and types of oxygenates are not specifically limited in this specification. However, depending on oxygenate type, as oxygenate content increases above some threshold level, the likelihood for vehicle problems also increases. The composition of both unleaded and leaded fuel is limited by economic, legal, and technical consideration, but their properties, including volatility, are defined by this specification. In addition, the composition of unleaded fuel is subject to the rules, regulations, and Clean Air Act waivers of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). With regard to fuel properties, including volatility, this specification can be more or less restrictive than the EPA rules, regulations, and waivers. Refer to 1.4 This specification does not address the emission characteristics of reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel. Reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel is required in some areas to lower emissions from automotive vehicles, and its characteristics are described in the research report on reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel.² However, in addition to the legal requirements found in this research report, reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel should meet the performance requirements found in this specification.

1.5 This specification represents a description of automotive fuel as of the date of publication. The specification is under continuous review, which can result in revisions based on changes in fuel, automotive requirements, or test methods, or a combination thereof. All users of this specification, therefore, should refer to the latest edition.

1.6 Tests applicable to gasoline are not necessarily applicable to its blends with oxygenates. Consequently, the type of fuel under consideration must first be identified in order to select applicable tests. Test Method D4815 provides a procedure for determining oxygenate concentration in mass percent. Test Method D4815 also includes procedures for calculating mass oxygen content and oxygenate concentration in volume percent. 1.7 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: For purposes of determining conformance with these specifications, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the right-most significant digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29. For a specification limit expressed as an integer, a trailing zero is significant only if the decimal point is specified. For a specified limit expressed as an integer, and the right-most digit is non-zero, the right-most digit is significant without a decimal point being specified. This convention applies to specified limits in Tables 1, 3, and 1.8 The values stated in SI units are the standard, except when other units are specified by federal regulation. Values given in parentheses are provided for information only.

Vapor Pressure/
Distillation Class

Vapor
Pressure,^B
at 37.8°C (100°F) max, kPa (psi)

Distillation Temperatures, °C (°F), at % Evaporated. max^C

Distillation
Residue, volume %,
max

Driveability Index,^D
max, °C (°F) Derived^E^,^F

10 volume %, max

50 volume %

90 volume %, max

End Point, max

min^G

max

54(7.8)

70.(158)

77(170.)

121(250.)

190.(374)

225(437)

597(1250.)

62(9.0)

70.(158)

77(170.)

121(250.)

190.(374)

225(437)

597(1250.)

69(10.0)

65(149)

77(170.)

118(245)

190.(374)

225(437)

591(1240.)

79(11.5)

60.(140.)

77(170.)

116(240.)

185(365)

225(437)

586(1230.)

93(13.5)

55(131)

77(170.)^H

113(235)

185(365)

225(437)

580.(1220.)

103(15.0)

50.(122)

77(170.)^H

110.(230.)

185(365)

225(437)

569(1200.)

1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents

D4815-22	Standard Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C1 to C4 Alcohols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
D4953-26	Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
D5059-26	Standard Test Methods for Lead and Manganese in Gasoline by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
D5188-23	Standard Test Method for Vapor-Liquid Ratio Temperature Determination of Fuels (Evacuated Chamber and Piston Based Method)
D5191-22	Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Mini Method)
D5453-25	Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence
D5482-26	Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Mini Method—Atmospheric)
D5500-20a	Standard Test Method for Vehicle Evaluation of Unleaded Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel for Intake Valve Deposit Formation (Includes all amendments and changes 6/3/2020).
D5598-20	Standard Test Method for Evaluating Unleaded Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel for Electronic Port Fuel Injector Fouling
D5599-22	Standard Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography and Oxygen Selective Flame Ionization Detection
D5842-23	Standard Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement
D5845-21	Standard Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, Methanol, Ethanol and tert-Butanol in Gasoline by Infrared Spectroscopy
D5854-25	Standard Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6378-22	Standard Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure (VPX) of Petroleum Products, Hydrocarbons, and Hydrocarbon-Oxygenate Mixtures (Triple Expansion Method)
D6469-24	Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems
D6920-13	Standard Test Method for Total Sulfur in Naphthas, Distillates, Reformulated Gasolines, Diesels, Biodiesels, and Motor Fuels by Oxidative Combustion and Electrochemical Detection (Withdrawn 2018)
D7039-24	Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, Jet Fuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, and Gasoline-Ethanol Blends by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D7220-22	Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Automotive, Heating, and Jet Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D7667-21	Standard Test Method for Determination of Corrosiveness to Silver by Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel—Thin Silver Strip Method
D7671-21	Standard Test Method for Corrosiveness to Silver by Automotive Spark–Ignition Engine Fuel–Silver Strip Method
D7757-22	Standard Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and Related Products by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
E29-22	Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
16 CFR Part 306	Automotive Fuel Ratings, Certification and Posting Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.
CFR 40	Code of Federal Regulations
CCR Title 17, §60100-§60114	California Code of Regulations Available from Barclays, 50 California Street, San Francisco, CA 94111.
API Recommended Practice 1640	Product Quality in Light Product Storage and Handling Operations Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://www.api.org/pubs.
CRC Report No. 638	Intermediate-Temperature Volatility Program, 2003 Available from Coordinating Research Council (CRC), 5755 North Point Pkwy #265, Alpharetta, GA 30022, http://www.crcao.org.
CRC Report No. 666
	Diesel Fuel Storage and Handling Guide, September 2014
D86-23ae2	Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Includes all amendments and changes 11/4/2024).
D130-26	Standard Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D287-22	Standard Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer/Method)
D381-25	Standard Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
D439-89	Specification for Automotive Gasoline (Withdrawn 1990)
D525-12a(2025)	Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (Induction Period Method) (Includes all amendments and changes 12/24/2025).
D1266-18	Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method) (Withdrawn 2025)
D1298-24	Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
D2622-26	Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D2699-26	Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D2700-26b	Standard Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel (Includes all amendments and changes 7/13/2026).
D2885-21(2025)e1	Standard Test Method for Determination of Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct Comparison Technique (Includes all amendments and changes 3/27/2026).
D3120-25	Standard Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcoulometry
D3231-25	Standard Test Method for Phosphorus in Gasoline
D3237-22	Standard Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
D3341-16	Standard Test Method for Lead in Gasoline—Iodine Monochloride Method (Withdrawn 2022)
D3831-22	Standard Test Method for Manganese in Gasoline By Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
D4052-22	Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4057-22	Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175-24e2	Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants (Includes all amendments and changes 6/9/2026).
D4176-22e1	Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures) (Includes all amendments and changes 6/30/2025).
D4177-22e1	Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Includes all amendments and changes 3/24/2023).
D4306-20	Standard Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D4806-25	Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol

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