ASTM D4428/D4428M-14

5.1.1 For input into static/dynamic analyses;

5.1.2 For computing shear modulus, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio (provided density is known or assumed);

5.1.3 For determining Seismic Site Class using the appropriate Building Code; and

5.1.4 For assessing liquefaction potential.

5.2.1 Horizontal layering is assumed.

5.2.2 Snell’s law of refraction applies to P-waves and S-waves and to the velocities derived from crosshole tests. If Snell’s law of refraction is not considered in the analysis of Crosshole seismic testing data, the report shall so state, and the P-wave and S-wave velocities obtained may be unreliable for certain depth intervals near changes in stratigraphy 1.1 These test methods are limited to the determination of the velocity of two types of horizontally travelling seismic waves in soil materials; primary compression (1.2 Acceptable interpretation procedures and equipment, such as seismic sources, receivers, and recording systems are discussed. Other items addressed include borehole spacing, drilling, casing, grouting, deviation surveys, and actual test procedures.

1.3 These test methods are primarily concerned with the actual test procedure, data interpretation, and specifications for equipment which will yield uniform test results.

1.4 All recorded and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.

1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.

1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.