ASTM D4394-17

5.1 Results of this type of test method are used to predict displacements in rock mass caused by loads from a structure or from underground construction. It is one of several tests that should be performed. The resulting in situ elastic modulus is commonly less than the elastic modulus determined in the laboratory.

5.2 The modulus is determined using an elastic solution for a uniformly distributed load (uniform stress) over a circular area acting on a semi-infinite elastic medium that produces a constant normal displacement of the loaded surface area of the medium.

5.3 This test method is normally performed at ambient temperature, but equipment can be modified or substituted for operations at other temperatures.

1.1 This test method covers the preparation, equipment, test procedure, and data reduction for determining in situ modulus of deformation of a rock mass using the rigid plate loading method.

1.2 This test method is designed to be conducted in an adit or small underground chamber; however, with suitable modifications it could be conducted at the surface.

1.3 This test method is usually conducted parallel or perpendicular to the anticipated axis of thrust, as dictated by the design load and to diametrically opposite surfaces.

1.4 Both instantaneous deformation and primary creep can be obtained from this test method.

1.5 Time dependent tests can be performed and are discussed briefly here but are to be reported in another standard.

1.6 Observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.

1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

1.8 The references appended to this standard contain further information on this test method.

1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see Section 8.

1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.